Ama-drill bits e-polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) kanye ne-PDC aye afakwa emakethe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi eside i-PDC cutter kanye ne-PDC drill bit ziye zabhekana nezinkinga eziningi ezigabeni zazo zokuqala, nazo zabhekana nentuthuko enkulu. Kancane kancane kodwa ekugcineni, ama-PDC bits kancane kancane athatha indawo yama-cone bits ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ku-PDC cutter, ukuzinza kwama-bit, kanye nesakhiwo se-hydraulic. Ama-PDC bits manje athatha ngaphezu kwama-90% we-footage iyonke yokubhoboza emhlabeni.
I-PDC Cutter yasungulwa okokuqala yi-General Electric (GE) ngo-1971. Ama-PDC Cutters okuqala embonini kawoyela negesi enziwa ngo-1973 futhi ngeminyaka emi-3 yokuhlolwa kokuhlola nokuhlola kwensimu, yethulwa kwezentengiselwano ngo-1976 ngemuva kokubonakaliswa ukuthi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunezenzo zokuchoboza izinkinobho ze-carbide.
Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo somsiki we-PDC sinje: isihloko esiyindilinga se-carbide, (ububanzi obungu-8.38mm, ubukhulu obungu-2.8mm), kanye nesendlalelo sedayimane (ubukhulu obungu-0.5mm ngaphandle kwe-chamfer ebusweni). Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona futhi umsiki we-Compax "slug system" PDC. Isakhiwo salesi sisiki sasinje: i-PDC compax ishibilika ku-slug ye-carbide eqinisiwe ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka ku-drill bit yomzimba wensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ilethe lula kakhulu kumklami we-drill bit.
Ngo-1973, i-GE ihlole i-PDC bit yayo yokuqala emthonjeni endaweni yaseKing Ranch eningizimu yeTexas. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola ukubhoboza, kwacatshangwa ukuthi inkinga yokuhlanza i-bit ikhona. Amazinyo amathathu ahluleka endaweni ehlanganisiwe, kanti amanye amazinyo amabili aphuka kanye nengxenye ye-tungsten carbide. Kamuva, inkampani yahlola i-drill bit yesibili endaweni yaseHudson eColorado. Le drill bit ithuthukise isakhiwo se-hydraulic senkinga yokuhlanza. I-bit ifinyelele ukusebenza okungcono ekwakhekeni kwe-sandstone-shale ngesivinini sokubhoboza esisheshayo. Kodwa kuneziphambeko eziningana endleleni ehleliwe ye-borehole ngesikhathi sokubhoboza, futhi inani elincane lokulahleka kwe-PDC cutters kwenzekile ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwe-brazing.
Ngo-Ephreli 1974, kwahlolwa i-drill bit yesithathu endaweni yaseSan Juan e-Utah, e-USA. Le bit ithuthukise isakhiwo samazinyo kanye nesimo se-bit. Le bit yathatha indawo yezingxenye zekhoni yomzimba wensimbi emthonjeni oseduze, kodwa i-nozzle yawa futhi i-bit yonakala. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakubhekwa sengathi yenzeka ngasekupheleni kokubhoboza ukuze kutholakale ukwakheka okuqinile, noma inkinga ebangelwa i-nozzle ewayo.
Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya ku-1976, izinkampani ezahlukene zokugaya kanye nosomabhizinisi bahlola intuthuko ehlukahlukene kumsiki we-PDC. Izinkinga eziningi ezazikhona zazigxile ocwaningweni. Imiphumela enjalo yocwaningo yahlanganiswa ngokwemvelo emazinyweni e-Stratapax PDC, aqalwa yi-GE ngoDisemba 1976.
Ukushintsha igama kusuka ku-Compax kuya ku-Stratapax kwasiza ekuqedeni ukudideka embonini yama-bit phakathi kwama-bit ane-tungsten carbide compacts, kanye ne-diamond Compax.
Maphakathi nawo-90, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-chamfering kabanzi kumazinyo okusika e-PDC, ubuchwepheshe be-chamfer obunama-chamfer amaningi bamukelwa ngesimo selungelo lobunikazi ngo-1995. Uma ubuchwepheshe be-chamfering busetshenziswa kahle, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwamazinyo okusika e-PDC kungandiswa ngo-100%.
Ngawo-1980, i-GE Company (USA) kanye ne-Sumitomo Company (Japan) bafunda ukususwa kwe-cobalt endaweni yokusebenza yamazinyo e-PDC ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamazinyo. Kodwa abazange baphumelele kwezentengiselwano. Ubuchwepheshe babuye bathuthukiswa futhi baba nelungelo lobunikazi yi-Hycalog（USA）. Kwafakazelwa ukuthi uma izinto zensimbi zingasuswa esikhaleni sokusanhlamvu, ukuzinza kokushisa kwamazinyo e-PDC kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu ukuze i-bit ikwazi ukubhoboza kangcono ekwakhekeni okuqinile nokukhuhlayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bokususa i-cobalt buthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamazinyo e-PDC ekwakhekeni kwamadwala aqinile akhuhlayo kakhulu futhi bandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwama-bit e-PDC.
Kusukela ngo-2000, ukusetshenziswa kwama-PDC bits kuye kwanda ngokushesha. Ukwakheka okwakungenakubholwa ngama-PDC bits kuye kwakwazi kancane kancane ukubholwa ngokonga nangokuthembekile ngama-PDC drill bits.
Kusukela ngo-2004, embonini yezinsimbi zokubhoboza, imali engenayo yemakethe yezinsimbi zokubhoboza ze-PDC yayicishe ibe ngu-50%, kanti ibanga lokubhoboza lafika cishe ku-60%. Lokhu kukhula kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Cishe zonke ezisetshenziswa njengamanje ekubhobozeni eNyakatho Melika ziyizinsimbi ze-PDC.
Ngamafuphi, selokhu yaqalwa ngawo-70s futhi yakhula kancane kancane, abasiki be-PDC baye bakhuthaza kancane kancane intuthuko eqhubekayo yemboni yezingcezu zokubhola ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kubholwe uwoyela negesi. Umthelela wobuchwepheshe be-PDC embonini yokubhola mkhulu kakhulu.
Abasanda kungena emakethe yamazinyo okusika e-PDC asezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zokubhoboza, bayaqhubeka nokuhola ukuguqulwa kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze ukusebenza kwamazinyo okusika e-PDC kanye nezingcezu zokubhoboza ze-PDC kuthuthukiswe njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-07-2023